Apomorphine

Apomorphine is used to treat intermittent hypomobility in Patients with advanced Parkinson's disease. In this condition, the individual sees a decreased response to an anti-Parkinson drug such as L-DOPA causing muscle stiffness and loss of muscle control. Apomorphine is given in combination L-DOPA with the intention to reduce the L-DOPA dosing, because those at the advanced stages often have many of dyskinesias associcated with L-DOPA and periods of hypermobility. The apomorphine is injected subcutaneously, when an episode sets in, and signs subside. Patients can use portable mini-pumps to continuously infuse apomorphine, an average of three times a day, allowing them to stay in the "on" state. Apomorphine is called dopamine agonists. They works by acting like dopamine, which our minds need to motor control. In patients with advanced stage of Parkinsons, the ''off'' episodes, when they have difficulty moving, walking, and speaking, occur as medication wears off or at random who have been taking other therapies for a long and are taking other medications for their condition. Apomorphine is available under the brand name Apokyn among others. Apomorphine was first synthesised by Arppe in 1845 from morphine and sulfuric acid.. Earlier, in 1869, Matthiesen and Wright has used hydrochloric acid instead of sulfuric acid in the process, naming the resulting compound apomorphine.

Dosage and administration

Apomorphine solution is available as a glass cartridge and it comes with an injector pen. You will be given some needs with the pen, however, the patient is also recommended to buy a few more, any questions about administration must be cleared with the doctor, including the needle to be used. Patients must always use a new, sterile needle for every injection. These needles once used must be immediately destroyed, and never used again. They can also not touch any surface except the exact spot of the injection. Injector pen must be never be carried or stored with the needle attached. Use puncture-resistant container and learn from the pharmacist about how to discard the puncture-resistant container. It can be injected in stomach, upper arm, or upper leg areas. You will also be given other medication to help decrease your chance of developing nausea and vomiting while you are using apomorphine injection, more so during the beginning of treatment. Patients are usually started off on a low dose. The dose is gradually increased, not more than once every few days. If you want to stop using the medication, do not do it without consulting your doctor.

The Cost of Apomorphine

In the USA, the consumers have to pay and average retail price of $42 for 3 mL pen. In the USA, the Average Daily Drug Cost of using this medicine is USD 4.30 to 21.48. this medicine also relatively economical to buy in the developing world. In India, the injections are available in 2 ml and 5 ml ampoules cost USD4 and USD9, respectively. With daily cost between USD7 and USD15.

How does Apomorphine Work?

As a non-ergoline dopamine agonist, Apomorphine has high binding affinity to dopamine D2, D3, and D5 receptors. Caudate-putamen, a region of the brain responsible for locomotor control is achieved through stimulation of D2 receptors in the brain. The eventual result is that relaxation of the stiffness and better motor control in individuals.

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