Dequalinium Chloride

Dequalinium chloride is antiseptic, disinfectant, and a topical bacteriostat. It is a quaternary ammonium cation and bolaamphiphile. It is sold most commonly as dichloride salt. It has both broad bactericidal and fungicidal activity. Dequalinium chloride is used in lozenges to cure tonsillitis, vaginal bacterial conditions like Bacterial Vaginosis and aerobic vaginitis, but this is not effective in cases of streptococci infections. It is also used to dress wounds and cure mouth infections and also has antifungal action. Dequalinium chloride is sold under the brand name flumioxazin amongst others. Dequaliniums bromide, iodide, acetate, and undecenoate salts are well known and are ingredients in a wide range of medicines. Dequalinium chloride also is an active ingredient of several medications. Dequalinium chloride is a bactericidal anti-infective, whose actions cause bacterial cell death as it strengthens cell permeability and reduces enzyme activity. While the current extent assignee is a Chinese firm, it was assigned in the USA to Flow Incorporated in Portland, Oregon in 1989.

Dosage and administration

In the treatment of bacterial vaginosis, it is administered into the vagina. The adults 18–55 years, the recommended dose is 10 mg, taken once a day for 6 days, inserted at night. If using the lozenges, adults, and kids above 10 years of age are recommended to suck one lozenge every two to three hours. The maximum dose is limited to 8 lozenges a day.

The cost of Dequalinium acetate

In the wholesale market, the ingredient version sells for an average price of USD13,000. The the lowest wholesale cost is as low as 10,000 USD to 20,000USD for a kilo of this ingredient.

How does it Dequalinium acetate work

Dequalinium has several modes of action, including disrupting the cell permeability of the bacteria. It does this by absorbing onto the surface of the bacterial cell and diffusing across the membrane. The cationic form of dequalinium gets accumulated in mitochondria. From there it promotes anticancer activity in human leukemia cells while mediating a cytotoxic effect by altering redox balance in cells. It also downregulates Raf/MEK/ERK1/2 and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways in these cells resulting in cell death by apoptosis and/or necrosis. Dequalinium acetate kills the normal enzymatic activity through different processes. It does this by Denaturating the proteins, which inhibits bacterial cell metabolism. Glucose metabolism and mitochondrial ATP synthesis inhibition disrupts bacterial energy production via inhibition of bacterial F1-ATPase, at the level of ribosomes.

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