Insulin glargine

Insulin glargine is used to treat type 1 diabetes as the body does not produce insulin and cannot control the amount of sugar in the blood. It is also used to treat people with type 2 diabetes as the body does not use insulin normally, thus, cannot control the amount of sugar in the blood, needing insulin to control their diabetes. In people with type 1 diabetes, insulin glargine must be used with another type of short-acting insulin. In patients with type 2 diabetes, insulin glargine also may be used with other types of insulin or with oral medicines.. Insulin glargine actions replace the insulin that is normally produced by the body. It also helps in moving sugar from the blood into body tissues where it produces energy. It inhibits the liver from producing more sugar. Insulin glargine is long-acting insulin and has effects several hours after injection while working evenly for 24 hours. Insulin glargine is used in children at least 6 years old with type 1 diabetes. Insulin glargine is traded under the brand names Lantus, Toujeo, Abasaglar amongst others. Connaught Laboratories and Eli Lilly pharma first produced large scale insulin for human use in 1922 post its discovery in treating diabetes by Mcleod, Banting, Best, and Colliop, for which they the Nobel prizes. After the advent of recombinant DNA, Eli Lilly introduced the first synthetically produced insulin in 1982. By the year 200, Sanofi had made Insulin glargine and got the approval of federal authorities. Since then other companies like Novo Nordisk have applied for patents of their versions of insulin.

Forms and dosage

Insulin glargine is available as an injectable solution of 10 ml vials and as prefilled pens of 3mg concentration. In the treatment of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus, long-acting basal insulin improves glycemic control in patients. For this, the Initial dose for insulin-naïve patients starts at ~1/3 of total daily insulin dose, the remaining 2/3 of daily insulin dose on short-acting, Premeal insulin. The Usual initial dose ranges from 0.2-0.4 units per kg and the optimal glucose-lowering effect takes up to 5 days to manifest itself. The first insulin glargine dose is usually insufficient to cover metabolic needs in the first 24 hours of use. In the treatment of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, the initial dose for insulin-naïve patients Starts at 0.2 units per kilo a day and when needed the dosage of other antidiabetic drugs.

The price of Insulin glargine

For the branded version of this medicine, called Lantus, the consumer has to pay USD 340 at least, for a single 10 ml vial, however, the most common version of Lantus is covered by 82% of insurance plans at a co-pay of $37.50-$67.50 for the end consumers. In the UK, the consumers have to pay 30 pounds for 5 doses of 3 ml vials.

How does Insulin glargine work?

The primary actions of insulin-regulated glucose metabolism in the body. Insulin lowers the blood glucose levels by stimulating peripheral glucose uptake, especially through skeletal muscle and fat while inhibiting hepatic glucose production. In our body, insulin glargine gets partially metabolized at the carboxyl terminus of the B chain to two active metabolites, M1 and M2, these metabolites have in vitro activity similar to that of insulin.

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