Ketamine Hydrochloride is Systemic General Anesthetics. It is used as a sedative in diagnostic and surgical procedures, in which the patient does not need skeletal muscle relaxation. It is best suited for short procedures but when administered in additional doses, it can be used in longer procedures. It is used as anesthesia before general anesthetic agents are administered to supplement low-potency agents, such as nitrous oxide. While Ketamine Hydrochloride is a fast-acting anesthetic, it is also a hallucinogen and is more dangerous than other categories of hallucinogen drugs used for the same purpose. Ketamine Hydrochloride is sold as Ketalar, bupivacaine amongst other brands. Parke Davis Laboratories was the first to synthesize Ketamine back in 1962. However, Ketamine’s history began in 1926, when it was developed as a derivative of PCP, as an anesthetic drug, that primarily acted as an NMDA receptor antagonist. Ketamine hydrochloride is a nonbarbiturate anesthetic. This synthetic derivative hydrochloride salt has analgesic and anesthetic properties. While its mechanism of action is not clearly known, it seems to non-competitively block N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors and may interact with opioid mu receptors and sigma receptors. The overall result of this non-competitive binding is the reduction in pain perception, inducing sedation, and producing dissociative anesthesia

N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) systems, opioids receptors, dopamine receptors, cholinergic receptors, and wattage Ca signal transduction are some of the receptors that ketamine binds with. Ketamine does not interact with GABA receptors as other general anesthetics do. Ketamine is a fast-acting general anesthetic that causes severe analgesia, normal oesophageal reflexes, normal or slightly increased skeletal muscle tone, heart and circulatory acceleration, and, on rare occasions, temporary and minor respiratory depression. Ketamine's anesthetic state is known as dissociative anesthesia because it seems to selectively break brain association networks before generating somesthetic sensory blockade. It may depress the thalamocortical system selectively before obstructing the more primitive cerebral centers and connections (reticular-activating and limbic systems). Ketamine boosts descending inhibitory serotonin pathways, which can help with depression. These effects can be observed at doses ten times lower than what is required for anesthetic purposes. The analgesic action of ketamine is due to the suppression of central sensitization in nerve fibers cells as well as the reduction of nitric oxide production. Ketamine can cause bronchodilation and cardiovascular abnormalities.

Ketamine Hydrochloride is available as a water-soluble crystalline powder for injection. The usual initial dose for adults is 1 to 4.5 mg per hour, administered through an IV slowly over 60 seconds. Generally, every 2 mg per kilo induces 5 to 10 minutes of surgical anesthesia. If a longer procedure, additional increments can be administered. The recommended dose for Adolescents aged 16 to 17 years is the same as above. Whereas the dose for Infants, Children, and Adolescents younger than 16 years is 0.5 to 2 mg per kilo.

In the USA, the average retail price of 100 capsules of 25 mg is around $104. However, the price of this medicine in developing countries due to local manufacturers is significantly lower. In India, the same supply of 100 tablets of 25mg strength costs USD3.2. Wholesale price differs according to the wholesaler of the region or country where the order has been processed for sale.

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Being a global B2B pharmaceutical online marketplace, Pipelinepharma is structured to simplify pharmaceutical deals by providing you with an intuitive interface that is easy to engage with. The selection of Ketamine Hydrochloride offerings can be narrowed down with the use of filters and easily weighed against one another according to medication prices and commercial terms. The advanced filters help you filter out the countries for these Ketamine Hydrochloride manufacturers and these Ketamine Hydrochloride suppliers that you are looking for. These also enable you to check the dossier status of this medicine and the GMP approvals of the different variants of Ketamine Hydrochloride. Also, each manufacturer or supplier product description contains essential information about this substance including clinical data, stability zones, countries where Ketamine Hydrochloride is already registered in. Manufacturers also have special, and delivery terms.

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To keep up to the quality standards other than Good Manufacturing Practice approvals that this medicine manufacturers list has, we qualify their companies before they are onboarded on the platform. This allows us to screen Ketamine Hydrochloride for the quality of the pharmaceutical products’ dossiers and protect against the risk of possible malpractices.