MAGNESIUM SULPHATE

Magnesium sulfate prevents and controls low blood levels of magnesium. It used for pediatric acute nephritis and to prevents seizures in severe pre-eclampsia, eclampsia, or toxemia of pregnancy. It is also used in the prophylaxis and treatment of Hypomagnesemia, magnesium deficiency in acute hypomagnesemia accompanied by signs of tetany, in addition to preventing or treating magnesium deficiency in patients on parenteral nutrition. Magnesium sulfate is also used to prevent temporary skin wrinkling caused by prolonged immersion in plain water and useful for small boils or localized infections and removing splinters. Magnesium sulfate also used to treat acute and severe arrhythmias, as a bronchodilator in asthma. It can be administered orally, through the respiratory route, or intravenous routes. Magnesium sulfate is sold under the brand names HealthVit GNC, Enerzal, Calcimax Growfit B among others. With over 3 million prescriptions in the USA alone, it was one of the top 200 medicines in the The USA. Epsom salts were discovered and used by farmers since the 17th century. Later, Humphry Davy (1778- 1829) isolated it in 1808. FRESENIUS KABI USA filed for the first patent in 1987.

DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION:

If using the Intramuscular route, the dose for adults and older kids for severe hypomagnesemia is between 1 to 5 g or 2 to 10 mL of 50% solution in divided doses every day. The patient then advised continuing the course until the serum levels have returned to normal. Higher doses twice a day are recommended for patients with severe symptoms. Serum magnesium levels should serve as a guide to continued dosage. When using the Intravenous route, the dose is between 1 to 4 g given intravenously in 10% to 20% solution and for intravenous Infusion, the dose is 4 g in 250 mL of 5% Dextrose Injection, given at a rate no higher than 3 mL per minute. When using the Electrolyte Replenisher, the dose is Intramuscular 1 to 2 g injection in 50% solution, administered four times a day. This s done till serum magnesium is reached normal limits and finally, the Usual Pediatric Dose for Intramuscular Injection is 20 to 40 mg per kg of body weight in a 20% solution and this dosage is repeated when needed. In the treatment of Eclampsia, the dose Initially 1 to 2 g in 25% or 50% solution, followed by 1 g given every 30 minutes. This is repeated until relief is obtained.

The price of Magnesium Sulfate

In India, the locally made generic version of this drug cost between USD 0.11 to USD 0.40. In the USA, the average retail price of 50% magnesium sulfate injectable solution is $20.24 for a supply of 50 milliliters.

How does it work?

Magnesium Sulfate is postulated to trigger cerebral vasodilation. This reduces ischemia generated by cerebral vasospasm during an eclamptic event. Magnesium Sulfate also competitively blocks the entry of calcium into synaptic endings. This results in neuromuscular transmission alteration.

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