SODIUM HYDROGEN CARBONATE

Sodium hydrogen carbonate, also called Sodium bicarbonate, is commonly known as baking soda or bicarbonate of soda. When mixed with water, it acts as an antacid to treat acid indigestion and heartburn. By reacting with the stomach acid, it produces salt, water, and carbon dioxide. It is also mixed with polyethylene glycol and dissolved in water for gastrointestinal lavage preparation and laxative prior to gastrointestinal surgery, gastroscopy tests. When used intravenously in an aqueous solution, it can also be used for acidosis, or to supplement the lack of sodium or bicarbonate ions deficiencies in the blood. For respiratory acidosis, it is infused ions drive the carbonic acid or bicarbonate buffer of plasma to the left, this helps raise the pH, and this property lends it to be used in medically supervised cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Sodium hydrogen carbonate is sold under the brand names Alka-Seltzer, Zegerid OTC among others. French chemist Nicolas Leblanc produced sodium carbonate in 1791, also known as soda ash. John Dwight and Austin Church, US-based bakers established the first factory in the United States to produce baking soda from sodium carbonate and carbon dioxide in 1846.

Dosage and Administration

Sodium hydrogen carbonate is sold as an injectable solution of 4%, 4.2%, 7.5%, 8.4% Concentrations and as a tablet of 325mg and 650mg. in the treatment of Cardiac Arrest, the The initial dose begins at 1 milliequivalent per kg per dose administered through an IV. This is followed by subsequent doses based on the results of arterial blood pH and PaCO2 and calculated base deficit. Repeat doses are decided upon by the doctor based on prolonged cardiac arrest post sufficient alveolar ventilation has been established. In the treatment of Hyperkalemia, the dose is 50 milliequivalent, given through an IV over 5 minutes. In the treatment of Non-life-threatening Metabolic Acidosis, the dose is 2-5 milliequivalent per kg, given through an IV infusion over 4-8 hours based on the severity of acidosis as determined by the lowering of total CO2 content, clinical condition, and Ph and in case of Severe but except hypercarbic acidosis, the dos are 90-180 milliequivalent per Liter, approximately between 7.5-15 g, at a rate of 1-1.5 L in the first hour and then adjusted to manage the condition as needed. All the while, the dosing calculation is done based on pH, serum potassium, and CO2 levels.

The price of Sodium hydrogen carbonate

In the USA, the consumer has to pay a cost of around $16 for a supply of 120 grams sodium bicarbonate compounding powder. The price of a 25ml single vial in India is around USD 0.50.

How does it work?

Sodium bicarbonate increases plasma bicarbonate, buffers excess hydrogen ion concentration, and raises blood pH. This reverses manifestations of acidosis. It also improves free bicarbonate ions excretion in the urine. This lifts the urinary pH. Making urine alkaline curing uric acid stones. As an antacid, neutralizes or buffers existing quantities of stomach acid, increasing the pH value of stomach contents. This relieves hyperacidity.

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