ERGOMETRINE

Ergometrine called Ergonovine, is used to cause contractions of the uterus to treat heavy vaginal bleeding after childbirth. Ergometrine is used widely in obstetrics in the delivery of the placenta and in preventing bleeding after childbirth. It achieves this by causing the muscle tissue in the blood vessel walls to narrow which reduces blood flow. Ergometrine is usually used in combination with oxytocin as a syntometrine. It is also used to induce spasms in the coronary arteries and to diagnose one of the variant angina. Ergometrine combines ergotamine and caffeine to prevent and treat migraine headaches. Ergotamine is an ergot alkaloid and works with caffeine. It prevents the expansion of blood vessels in the head and causing headaches. Ergometrine is sold under the brand names, Ergonovine, d-lysergic acid, Ergotrate; Ergotrate Maleate amongst others. Chemists C Moir and H W Dudley first isolated and obtained it in 1935. It was earlier made from the rye ergot fungus but can also be made from lysergic acid. Ergometrine is used to make lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) and so it is regulated. For its efficacy and life-saving safety record around the world, it has earned a sot on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines, the safest and most effective medicines needed in a health system.

Dosage and Administration:

Ergotamine is available as a suppository, sublingual, and a tablet. It sold in combination with caffeine in some cases. The suppository contains 2 mg of ergotamine with 100 mg caffeine. The sublingual tablet contains 2 mg of ergotamine in combination with caffeine contains 1 mg of ergotamine and 100 mg of caffeine. It can be taken by mouth, by injection into a muscle, or as an injection into a vein.

The Cost of Ergotamine:

In the USA, the average cost for consumers is $144.19 for 10 Tablets of 1-100mg each of the generic ergotamine-caffeine combination. The cost of this medicine is much lower in the developing and underdeveloped world. In India, consumers pay USD 0.60 for the same.

How does Ergotamine Work?

Ergotamine acts on alpha-adrenergic, dopaminergic, and serotonin receptors called the 5-HT2 receptor. Its actions affect the uterus and other smooth muscles and stimulate a powerful stimulant effect not associated with a specific receptor type. By binding selectively and activating serotonin (5-HT) 1D receptors located on intracranial blood vessels, including on arterio-venous anastomoses This leads to vasoconstriction and reduction of the blood flow in cerebral arteries. This eventually gives relief from vascular headaches.

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