It is used to treat Serious kidney disease caused by certain genetic diseases. The types of L- carnitine includes different compounds of which L-carnitine is more commonly present in our body. These include Reye-like encephalopathy, hypoketotic hypoglycemia, and/or cardiomyopathy and hypotonia, muscle weakness, and failure to thrive. The others include Acetyl L-carnitine, which possesses neuroprotective properties that protect the nervous system. D-carnitine, this optical isomer is toxic and can inhibit the absorption of other forms of carnitine. L-carnitine L-tartrate is used in sports supplements as it can minimize muscle soreness, aiding recovery. Propionyl-L-carnitine is pain-relieving and has antirheumatic properties. L-carnitine also called Levocarnitine plays a role in producing energy while the body converting fat into energy. It is made from the amino acids lysine and methionine by the liver and the kidneys. It was taken in diet or as an oral supplement. L-carnitine is sold under the brand names optimum nutrition, Carnitor, L-Carnitine among others. Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation filed the first patent for L-carnitine in 1985 and it was approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration as a new molecular entity in 1985.
L carnitine is sold as Tablets (330 mg), Oral Solution (1 g per 10 mL multidose), & Sugar-Free Oral Solution (1 g per 10 mL multidose). The recommended adult’s oral dosage is 990 mg, taken two or three times a day using the 330 mg tablet. the recommended oral dosage for Infants and children is between 50 and 100 mg per kilo per day, given orally in divided doses but the total dose a day should not exceed 3 g/day. Children are initially started on a dose of 50 mg per kilo per day. The exact dose is monitored for response and changed accordingly.
In the USA, the consumer pays USD182 a supply of 25 milliliters of injectable solution supplied in 200 mg/mL vials. The price of this medicine is significantly cheaper in India. In India, this medicine cost is much lower. For a supply of 60 capsules of 800 mg the consumer has to pay USD 4 and a supply of 10, 500 mg capsules the price is USD 5
It plays an important role in the functioning of the heart and brain, muscle movement, and several other body processes. However, its main action improves transfers of long-chain fatty acids to mitochondria for subsequent β-oxidation. Carnitine also helps in acyl residues elimination functioning as a scavenger, it does this by binding acyl residues deriving from the intermediary metabolism of amino acids.
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